Hematological and biochemical profiles of children with congenital heart diseases candidate for surgical repair

Hassan, Mohammed H.; Taye, Ashraf; Abdel Bary, Mohamed; Okasha, Marwa; Abdel Hafez, Mohammed Farouk; Soliman, Aml Abdel-Fattah Sayed; Ghoneim, Ahmed; Hofni, Amal; Farouk, Ahmed

doi:10.21608/svuijm.2025.375692.2162

Hematological and biochemical profiles of children with congenital heart diseases candidate for surgical repair

Document Type : Original research articles

Authors

¹ Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qena University, Qena, Egypt.

² Pharmacology and Toxicology Department. Faculty of Pharmacy. Qena University, Qena, Egypt.

³ Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qena University, Qena, Egypt.

⁴ Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

⁵ B. Sc. in Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

10.21608/svuijm.2025.375692.2162

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, often accompanied by hematological and biochemical abnormalities. While previous studies have explored these alterations, inconsistencies remain regarding their prevalence and clinical significance across CHD subtypes.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and clinical significance of hematological and biochemical abnormalities across CHD subtypes
Patients and methods: This case-control study compared 60 CHD patients (15 each with VSD, ASD, TOF, and PDA) with 40 healthy controls. Venous blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count, liver/kidney function, and coagulation profiles.
Results: CHD patients exhibited significantly lower hemoglobin level with median of (10.45vs. 11 g/dL, p=0.011) and higher ALT levels with median of (33 vs. 25 IU/L, p<0.001) than controls. Subgroup analysis revealed elevated median of WBCs in PDA (13.5×10³/mm³ compared to the median of other groups being (10.6×10³/mm³ for VSD,11×10³/mm³ for ASD,10 ×10³/mm³ for TOF and 11×10³/mm³ for control, p<0.001) and increased AST for TOF patients (42 u/l, compared to median of other groups being 32 u/l for PDA,34 u/l for VSD,29 u/l for ASD and 38 u/l for control, p=0.008). INR variations were most pronounced in TOF with median of 1.1 and 1 for each PDA, VSD and ASD and 1.04 for control p=0.007).
Conclusion: CHD patients demonstrate distinct hematological and biochemical derangements, with subtype-specific patterns suggesting varied pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings underscore the need for tailored monitoring and early intervention to mitigate complications.

Keywords