Risk Factors for Recurrence of Pediatric Renal Stones in Qena Governorate

Abdel Baseer, Khaled A.; Soliman, Neveen A.; Elmonem, Mohamed A.; Abdelbaset, Ebtesam A.; Sakhr, Hala M.

doi:10.21608/svuijm.2024.271053.1812

Risk Factors for Recurrence of Pediatric Renal Stones in Qena Governorate

Document Type : Original research articles

Authors

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

² Center of Pediatric Nephrology & Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

³ Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

10.21608/svuijm.2024.271053.1812

Abstract

Background: A new population of pediatric individuals is at risk for a recurrence of kidney stones as a result of the recently observed increase in the occurrence of nephrolithiasis in children.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify risk factors and the prevalence of renal stone recurrence in children.
Patients and methods: Cross-sectional research was carried out on 100 children and adolescents aged 1-16 years diagnosed with renal stones from February 2020 to January 2021. Metabolic workup (including serum uric acid, serum oxalic acid, and 24-hour calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, citrate, cysteine, urate, and oxalate in urine) and analysis of the chemical compositions of stones were performed.
Results: Recurrent renal stones were detected in 36% of the studied cases, with a mean age of 7.29 ± 1.6 SD and a male predominance of 72.2%. Cases with recurrent urolithiasis had a significantly larger stone size, higher stone density, higher serum oxalic acid, and higher levels of 24-hour urinary oxalate in comparison to the other group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increase in the patient’s body weight, a positive family history of urolithiasis, a delay in the age of diagnosis, and required surgery were associated with increased recurrence risk. An increase in age at the onset of symptoms was correlated with a reduction in the chance of recurrence.
Conclusion: Positive family history of urolithiasis, younger age with symptom at onset, increased weight, and patients who needed surgery were associated with an increased risk of stone recurrence in the pediatric age group.

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